Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life in a sample of women in the first 24 h postpartum during the hospital stay. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from screening phase of a birth cohort. The proportion of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (primary outcome) derived from a negative response to the question “Would you be willing to try to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months?”, in an interview conducted by previously trained interviewers. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 2964 postpartum women were interviewed. The overall prevalence of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months was 17.8% (16.4–19.1%). After adjusting for maternal age and type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), no intention to exclusively breastfeed was higher in mothers with a monthly household income < 3 minimum wages (PR, 1.64; 1.35–1.98) and in those who intended to smoke 4–7 days/week after delivery (PR, 1.42; 1.11–1.83). The presence of significant newborn morbidity (PR, 0.32; 0.19–0.54) and intention to breastfeed up to 12 months (PR, 0.46; 0.38–0.55) had a protective effect against not intending to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Conclusions: Approximately 1 in every 5 mothers did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Strategies aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding should focus attention on mothers from lower economic strata and smokers.

Abstract Background: Treatment of postoperative (PO) pain is essential after surgery, as it contributes to a faster rehabilitation. Assessment of PO pain after minimally invasive (MI) surgery has not been regularly addressed, especially when compared with median sternotomy (MS). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the intensity of thoracic pain in the PO period in patients subjected to MI surgery and MS. Methods: This study compared the intensity of thoracic pain in 34 patients subjected to minimally invasive (MI; n = 17) and median sternotomy (MS; n = 17) from June 2015 to June 2016. The intensity and sites of pain in the PO period, assessed using the visual numeric pain scale, and the need for pain medications were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and the z test, with confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results: Almost all patients reported pain on the third PO day (MS = 94.1% and MI = 88.2%; p = 0.5410). On the seventh PO day, there were significantly more patients free of pain in the group of patients subjected to the MI procedure (MS = 94.1% and MI = 64.7%; p = 0.0341). also, these patients reported fewer pain sites (3rd PO day: MS = 3.2 ± 1.5; MI = 1.5 ± 1.2; p = 0.001; 7th PO day: MS = 3.1 ± 1.4; MI = 0.9 ± 0.9; p = 0.000). Patients undergoing MS reported higher pain intensity and longer lasting pain (3rd PO: MS = 4.8 ± 2.2; MI = 3.0 ± 1.6; 7th PO: MS = 5.3 ± 2.0; MI = 1.2 ± 1.3; p = 0.001), with no difference in pain intensity between the third and the seventh PO days (p = 0.4931). In addition, patients subjected to MI procedure had a significant decrease in pain intensity from the third to the seventh PO days (p = 0.001). Conclusion: According to these results, we concluded that a MI procedure leads to lower intensity of pain in the PO period (from the third PO day on) when compared to a MS; also, patients undergoing MI patients reported fewer pain sites.

Fundamento: Procedimentos cardiovasculares minimamente invasivos têm sido progressivamente empregados no tratamento das cardiopatias. Objetivo: Descrever as técnicas e os resultados imediatos dos procedimentos minimamente invasivos ao longo de uma experiência de 5 anos. Métodos: Estudo unicêntrico, descritivo e prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no qual 102 pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos de forma direta e de forma videoassistida. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas, operatórias e evolução imediata dos pacientes operados. Resultados: Quatorze pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos diretos e 88 a videoassistidos. Entre os submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos diretos, 13 tinham cardiopatia valvar aórtica. Entre os submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos videoassistidos, 43 tinham cardiopatia valvar mitral, 41 defeito do septo interatrial e quatro tumores. Entre os portadores de cardiopatia valvar mitral, foram realizadas 26 trocas e 17 reconstruções valvares. As médias de tempo de clampeamento aórtico, de extracorpórea e do procedimento foram, respectivamente, 91,6 ± 21,8, 112,7 ± 27,9 e 247,1 ± 20,3 minutos entre os submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos diretos. Já entre os submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos videoassistidos, foram 71,6 ± 29, 99,7 ± 32,6 e 226,1 ± 42,7 minutos, respectivamente. Considerando os tempos de terapia intensiva e de internamento, foram 41,1 ± 14,7 horas e 4,6 ± 2 dias entre os submetidos a procedimentos minimamente invasivos diretos e 36,8 ± 16,3 horas e 4,3 ± 1,9 dias entre os videoassistidos. Conclusão: Procedimentos minimamente invasivos foram empregados de duas formas - direta e videoassistida - com segurança no tratamento das cardiopatias valvares, do defeito do septo interatrial e das neoplasias do coração. Constatamos tempos maiores das variáveis operatórias nesses procedimentos. Contudo, a recuperação na fase hospitalar foi rápida, independentemente do acesso e da doença tratada.

Background: Minimally invasive cardiovascular procedures have been progressively used in heart surgery. Objective: To describe the techniques and immediate results of minimally invasive procedures in 5 years. Methods: Prospective and descriptive study in which 102 patients were submitted to minimally invasive procedures in direct and video-assisted forms. Clinical and surgical variables were evaluated as well as the in hospital follow-up of the patients. Results: Fourteen patients were operated through the direct form and 88 through the video-assisted form. Between minimally invasive procedures in direct form, 13 had aortic valve disease. Between minimally invasive procedures in video-assisted forms, 43 had mitral valve disease, 41 atrial septal defect and four tumors. In relation to mitral valve disease, we replaced 26 and reconstructed 17 valves. Aortic clamp, extracorporeal and procedure times were, respectively, 91,6 ± 21,8, 112,7 ± 27,9 e 247,1 ± 20,3 minutes in minimally invasive procedures in direct form. Between minimally invasive procedures in video-assisted forms, 71,6 ± 29, 99,7 ± 32,6 e 226,1 ± 42,7 minutes. Considering intensive care and hospitalization times, these were 41,1 ± 14,7 hours and 4,6 ± 2 days in minimally invasive procedures in direct and 36,8 ± 16,3 hours and 4,3 ± 1,9 days in minimally invasive procedures in video-assisted forms procedures. Conclusion: Minimally invasive procedures were used in two forms - direct and video-assisted - with safety in the surgical treatment of video-assisted, atrial septal defect and tumors of the heart. These procedures seem to result in longer surgical variables. However, hospital recuperation was faster, independent of the access or pathology.

Acontecimentos recentes no ambiente financeiro internacional suscitaram algumas questões relacionadas à inter-relação e interdependência dos diversos mercados ao longo do globo e seus graus de integração. Nesse sentido, este artigo propõe uma análise de variância e correlação para índices financeiros como o Dow Jones Industrial, o Ibovespa e o Euro Stoxx 50 através da decomposição destas séries em ondaletas. Uma vez que a metodologia de ondaletas é capaz de separar as diferentes frequências de uma série temporal ao longo do tempo (frequência-temporal), o estudo de uma estrutura de correlações e variâncias através desta metodologia é capaz de evidenciar fenômenos particulares de cada frequência de dados que, de forma agregada, são perdidos.

Since the benefits of portfolio international diversification results appeared in financial literature, the issue of financial co-movements among different markets has been a key question. Many recent studies have approached this topic targeting a correlation investigation among financial indicators. Unfortunately, the huge majority of them focus only in the time domain, ignoring the relevant frequency domain which could differentiate long and short-run investment contribution to the energy of a time series. This paper proposes a wavelet-based volatility and correlation analysis of key financial indexes for the Brazilian, American and European markets looking for some results concerning the correlation structure between them in time and frequency domain, obtaining distinct results for long and short-run investment performance and contribution.